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<pre><span class="sourceLineNo">001</span>/*<a name="line.1"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">002</span> * Copyright (C) 2010 The Guava Authors<a name="line.2"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">003</span> *<a name="line.3"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">004</span> * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");<a name="line.4"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">005</span> * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.<a name="line.5"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">006</span> * You may obtain a copy of the License at<a name="line.6"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">007</span> *<a name="line.7"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">008</span> * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0<a name="line.8"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">009</span> *<a name="line.9"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">010</span> * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software<a name="line.10"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">011</span> * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,<a name="line.11"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">012</span> * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.<a name="line.12"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">013</span> * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and<a name="line.13"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">014</span> * limitations under the License.<a name="line.14"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">015</span> */<a name="line.15"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">016</span><a name="line.16"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">017</span>package com.google.common.base;<a name="line.17"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">018</span><a name="line.18"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">019</span>import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;<a name="line.19"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">020</span><a name="line.20"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">021</span>/**<a name="line.21"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">022</span> * Static methods pertaining to ASCII characters (those in the range of values<a name="line.22"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">023</span> * {@code 0x00} through {@code 0x7F}), and to strings containing such<a name="line.23"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">024</span> * characters.<a name="line.24"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">025</span> *<a name="line.25"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">026</span> * &lt;p&gt;ASCII utilities also exist in other classes of this package:<a name="line.26"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">027</span> * &lt;ul&gt;<a name="line.27"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">028</span> * &lt;!-- TODO(kevinb): how can we make this not produce a warning when building gwt javadoc? --&gt;<a name="line.28"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">029</span> * &lt;li&gt;{@link Charsets#US_ASCII} specifies the {@code Charset} of ASCII characters.<a name="line.29"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">030</span> * &lt;li&gt;{@link CharMatcher#ASCII} matches ASCII characters and provides text processing methods<a name="line.30"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">031</span> *     which operate only on the ASCII characters of a string.<a name="line.31"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">032</span> * &lt;/ul&gt;<a name="line.32"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">033</span> *<a name="line.33"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">034</span> * @author Craig Berry<a name="line.34"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">035</span> * @author Gregory Kick<a name="line.35"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">036</span> * @since 7.0<a name="line.36"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">037</span> */<a name="line.37"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">038</span>@GwtCompatible<a name="line.38"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">039</span>public final class Ascii {<a name="line.39"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">040</span><a name="line.40"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">041</span>  private Ascii() {}<a name="line.41"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">042</span><a name="line.42"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">043</span>  /* The ASCII control characters, per RFC 20. */<a name="line.43"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">044</span>  /**<a name="line.44"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">045</span>   * Null ('\0'): The all-zeros character which may serve to accomplish<a name="line.45"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">046</span>   * time fill and media fill.  Normally used as a C string terminator.<a name="line.46"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">047</span>   * &lt;p&gt;Although RFC 20 names this as "Null", note that it is distinct<a name="line.47"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">048</span>   * from the C/C++ "NULL" pointer.<a name="line.48"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">049</span>   *<a name="line.49"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">050</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.50"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">051</span>   */<a name="line.51"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">052</span>  public static final byte NUL = 0;<a name="line.52"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">053</span><a name="line.53"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">054</span>  /**<a name="line.54"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">055</span>   * Start of Heading: A communication control character used at<a name="line.55"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">056</span>   * the beginning of a sequence of characters which constitute a<a name="line.56"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">057</span>   * machine-sensible address or routing information.  Such a sequence is<a name="line.57"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">058</span>   * referred to as the "heading."  An STX character has the effect of<a name="line.58"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">059</span>   * terminating a heading.<a name="line.59"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">060</span>   *<a name="line.60"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">061</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.61"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">062</span>   */<a name="line.62"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">063</span>  public static final byte SOH = 1;<a name="line.63"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">064</span><a name="line.64"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">065</span>  /**<a name="line.65"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">066</span>   * Start of Text: A communication control character which<a name="line.66"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">067</span>   * precedes a sequence of characters that is to be treated as an entity<a name="line.67"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">068</span>   * and entirely transmitted through to the ultimate destination.  Such a<a name="line.68"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">069</span>   * sequence is referred to as "text."  STX may be used to terminate a<a name="line.69"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">070</span>   * sequence of characters started by SOH.<a name="line.70"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">071</span>   *<a name="line.71"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">072</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.72"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">073</span>   */<a name="line.73"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">074</span>  public static final byte STX = 2;<a name="line.74"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">075</span><a name="line.75"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">076</span>  /**<a name="line.76"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">077</span>   * End of Text: A communication control character used to<a name="line.77"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">078</span>   * terminate a sequence of characters started with STX and transmitted<a name="line.78"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">079</span>   * as an entity.<a name="line.79"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">080</span>   *<a name="line.80"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">081</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.81"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">082</span>   */<a name="line.82"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">083</span>  public static final byte ETX = 3;<a name="line.83"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">084</span><a name="line.84"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">085</span>  /**<a name="line.85"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">086</span>   * End of Transmission: A communication control character used<a name="line.86"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">087</span>   * to indicate the conclusion of a transmission, which may have<a name="line.87"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">088</span>   * contained one or more texts and any associated headings.<a name="line.88"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">089</span>   *<a name="line.89"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">090</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.90"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">091</span>   */<a name="line.91"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">092</span>  public static final byte EOT = 4;<a name="line.92"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">093</span><a name="line.93"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">094</span>  /**<a name="line.94"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">095</span>   * Enquiry: A communication control character used in data<a name="line.95"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">096</span>   * communication systems as a request for a response from a remote<a name="line.96"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">097</span>   * station.  It may be used as a "Who Are You" (WRU) to obtain<a name="line.97"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">098</span>   * identification, or may be used to obtain station status, or both.<a name="line.98"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">099</span>   *<a name="line.99"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">100</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.100"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">101</span>   */<a name="line.101"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">102</span>  public static final byte ENQ = 5;<a name="line.102"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">103</span><a name="line.103"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">104</span>  /**<a name="line.104"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">105</span>   * Acknowledge: A communication control character transmitted<a name="line.105"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">106</span>   * by a receiver as an affirmative response to a sender.<a name="line.106"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">107</span>   *<a name="line.107"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">108</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.108"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">109</span>   */<a name="line.109"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">110</span>  public static final byte ACK = 6;<a name="line.110"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">111</span><a name="line.111"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">112</span>  /**<a name="line.112"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">113</span>   * Bell ('\a'): A character for use when there is a need to call for<a name="line.113"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">114</span>   * human attention.  It may control alarm or attention devices.<a name="line.114"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">115</span>   *<a name="line.115"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">116</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.116"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">117</span>   */<a name="line.117"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">118</span>  public static final byte BEL = 7;<a name="line.118"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">119</span><a name="line.119"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">120</span>  /**<a name="line.120"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">121</span>   * Backspace ('\b'): A format effector which controls the movement of<a name="line.121"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">122</span>   * the printing position one printing space backward on the same<a name="line.122"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">123</span>   * printing line.  (Applicable also to display devices.)<a name="line.123"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">124</span>   *<a name="line.124"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">125</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.125"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">126</span>   */<a name="line.126"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">127</span>  public static final byte BS = 8;<a name="line.127"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">128</span><a name="line.128"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">129</span>  /**<a name="line.129"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">130</span>   * Horizontal Tabulation ('\t'): A format effector which controls the<a name="line.130"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">131</span>   * movement of the printing position to the next in a series of<a name="line.131"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">132</span>   * predetermined positions along the printing line.  (Applicable also to<a name="line.132"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">133</span>   * display devices and the skip function on punched cards.)<a name="line.133"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">134</span>   *<a name="line.134"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">135</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.135"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">136</span>   */<a name="line.136"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">137</span>  public static final byte HT = 9;<a name="line.137"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">138</span><a name="line.138"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">139</span>  /**<a name="line.139"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">140</span>   * Line Feed ('\n'): A format effector which controls the movement of<a name="line.140"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">141</span>   * the printing position to the next printing line.  (Applicable also to<a name="line.141"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">142</span>   * display devices.) Where appropriate, this character may have the<a name="line.142"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">143</span>   * meaning "New Line" (NL), a format effector which controls the<a name="line.143"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">144</span>   * movement of the printing point to the first printing position on the<a name="line.144"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">145</span>   * next printing line.  Use of this convention requires agreement<a name="line.145"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">146</span>   * between sender and recipient of data.<a name="line.146"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">147</span>   *<a name="line.147"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">148</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.148"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">149</span>   */<a name="line.149"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">150</span>  public static final byte LF = 10;<a name="line.150"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">151</span><a name="line.151"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">152</span>  /**<a name="line.152"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">153</span>   * Alternate name for {@link #LF}.  ({@code LF} is preferred.)<a name="line.153"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">154</span>   *<a name="line.154"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">155</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.155"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">156</span>   */<a name="line.156"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">157</span>  public static final byte NL = 10;<a name="line.157"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">158</span><a name="line.158"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">159</span>  /**<a name="line.159"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">160</span>   * Vertical Tabulation ('\v'): A format effector which controls the<a name="line.160"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">161</span>   * movement of the printing position to the next in a series of<a name="line.161"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">162</span>   * predetermined printing lines.  (Applicable also to display devices.)<a name="line.162"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">163</span>   *<a name="line.163"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">164</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.164"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">165</span>   */<a name="line.165"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">166</span>  public static final byte VT = 11;<a name="line.166"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">167</span><a name="line.167"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">168</span>  /**<a name="line.168"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">169</span>   * Form Feed ('\f'): A format effector which controls the movement of<a name="line.169"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">170</span>   * the printing position to the first pre-determined printing line on<a name="line.170"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">171</span>   * the next form or page.  (Applicable also to display devices.)<a name="line.171"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">172</span>   *<a name="line.172"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">173</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.173"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">174</span>   */<a name="line.174"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">175</span>  public static final byte FF = 12;<a name="line.175"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">176</span><a name="line.176"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">177</span>  /**<a name="line.177"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">178</span>   * Carriage Return ('\r'): A format effector which controls the<a name="line.178"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">179</span>   * movement of the printing position to the first printing position on<a name="line.179"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">180</span>   * the same printing line.  (Applicable also to display devices.)<a name="line.180"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">181</span>   *<a name="line.181"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">182</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.182"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">183</span>   */<a name="line.183"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">184</span>  public static final byte CR = 13;<a name="line.184"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">185</span><a name="line.185"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">186</span>  /**<a name="line.186"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">187</span>   * Shift Out: A control character indicating that the code<a name="line.187"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">188</span>   * combinations which follow shall be interpreted as outside of the<a name="line.188"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">189</span>   * character set of the standard code table until a Shift In character<a name="line.189"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">190</span>   * is reached.<a name="line.190"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">191</span>   *<a name="line.191"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">192</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.192"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">193</span>   */<a name="line.193"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">194</span>  public static final byte SO = 14;<a name="line.194"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">195</span><a name="line.195"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">196</span>  /**<a name="line.196"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">197</span>   * Shift In: A control character indicating that the code<a name="line.197"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">198</span>   * combinations which follow shall be interpreted according to the<a name="line.198"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">199</span>   * standard code table.<a name="line.199"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">200</span>   *<a name="line.200"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">201</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.201"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">202</span>   */<a name="line.202"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">203</span>  public static final byte SI = 15;<a name="line.203"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">204</span><a name="line.204"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">205</span>  /**<a name="line.205"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">206</span>   * Data Link Escape: A communication control character which<a name="line.206"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">207</span>   * will change the meaning of a limited number of contiguously following<a name="line.207"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">208</span>   * characters.  It is used exclusively to provide supplementary controls<a name="line.208"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">209</span>   * in data communication networks.<a name="line.209"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">210</span>   *<a name="line.210"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">211</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.211"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">212</span>   */<a name="line.212"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">213</span>  public static final byte DLE = 16;<a name="line.213"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">214</span><a name="line.214"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">215</span>  /**<a name="line.215"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">216</span>   * Device Control 1. Characters for the control<a name="line.216"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">217</span>   * of ancillary devices associated with data processing or<a name="line.217"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">218</span>   * telecommunication systems, more especially switching devices "on" or<a name="line.218"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">219</span>   * "off."  (If a single "stop" control is required to interrupt or turn<a name="line.219"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">220</span>   * off ancillary devices, DC4 is the preferred assignment.)<a name="line.220"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">221</span>   *<a name="line.221"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">222</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.222"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">223</span>   */<a name="line.223"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">224</span>  public static final byte DC1 = 17; // aka XON<a name="line.224"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">225</span><a name="line.225"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">226</span>  /**<a name="line.226"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">227</span>   * Transmission On: Although originally defined as DC1, this ASCII<a name="line.227"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">228</span>   * control character is now better known as the XON code used for software<a name="line.228"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">229</span>   * flow control in serial communications.  The main use is restarting<a name="line.229"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">230</span>   * the transmission after the communication has been stopped by the XOFF<a name="line.230"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">231</span>   * control code.<a name="line.231"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">232</span>   *<a name="line.232"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">233</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.233"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">234</span>   */<a name="line.234"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">235</span>  public static final byte XON = 17; // aka DC1<a name="line.235"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">236</span><a name="line.236"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">237</span>  /**<a name="line.237"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">238</span>   * Device Control 2. Characters for the control<a name="line.238"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">239</span>   * of ancillary devices associated with data processing or<a name="line.239"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">240</span>   * telecommunication systems, more especially switching devices "on" or<a name="line.240"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">241</span>   * "off."  (If a single "stop" control is required to interrupt or turn<a name="line.241"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">242</span>   * off ancillary devices, DC4 is the preferred assignment.)<a name="line.242"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">243</span>   *<a name="line.243"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">244</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.244"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">245</span>   */<a name="line.245"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">246</span>  public static final byte DC2 = 18;<a name="line.246"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">247</span><a name="line.247"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">248</span>  /**<a name="line.248"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">249</span>   * Device Control 3. Characters for the control<a name="line.249"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">250</span>   * of ancillary devices associated with data processing or<a name="line.250"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">251</span>   * telecommunication systems, more especially switching devices "on" or<a name="line.251"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">252</span>   * "off."  (If a single "stop" control is required to interrupt or turn<a name="line.252"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">253</span>   * off ancillary devices, DC4 is the preferred assignment.)<a name="line.253"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">254</span>   *<a name="line.254"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">255</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.255"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">256</span>   */<a name="line.256"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">257</span>  public static final byte DC3 = 19; // aka XOFF<a name="line.257"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">258</span><a name="line.258"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">259</span>  /**<a name="line.259"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">260</span>   * Transmission off. See {@link #XON} for explanation.<a name="line.260"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">261</span>   *<a name="line.261"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">262</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.262"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">263</span>   */<a name="line.263"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">264</span>  public static final byte XOFF = 19; // aka DC3<a name="line.264"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">265</span><a name="line.265"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">266</span>  /**<a name="line.266"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">267</span>   * Device Control 4. Characters for the control<a name="line.267"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">268</span>   * of ancillary devices associated with data processing or<a name="line.268"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">269</span>   * telecommunication systems, more especially switching devices "on" or<a name="line.269"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">270</span>   * "off."  (If a single "stop" control is required to interrupt or turn<a name="line.270"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">271</span>   * off ancillary devices, DC4 is the preferred assignment.)<a name="line.271"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">272</span>   *<a name="line.272"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">273</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.273"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">274</span>   */<a name="line.274"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">275</span>  public static final byte DC4 = 20;<a name="line.275"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">276</span><a name="line.276"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">277</span>  /**<a name="line.277"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">278</span>   * Negative Acknowledge: A communication control character<a name="line.278"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">279</span>   * transmitted by a receiver as a negative response to the sender.<a name="line.279"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">280</span>   *<a name="line.280"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">281</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.281"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">282</span>   */<a name="line.282"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">283</span>  public static final byte NAK = 21;<a name="line.283"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">284</span><a name="line.284"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">285</span>  /**<a name="line.285"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">286</span>   * Synchronous Idle: A communication control character used by<a name="line.286"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">287</span>   * a synchronous transmission system in the absence of any other<a name="line.287"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">288</span>   * character to provide a signal from which synchronism may be achieved<a name="line.288"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">289</span>   * or retained.<a name="line.289"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">290</span>   *<a name="line.290"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">291</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.291"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">292</span>   */<a name="line.292"></a>
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<span class="sourceLineNo">294</span><a name="line.294"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">295</span>  /**<a name="line.295"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">296</span>   * End of Transmission Block: A communication control character<a name="line.296"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">297</span>   * used to indicate the end of a block of data for communication<a name="line.297"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">298</span>   * purposes.  ETB is used for blocking data where the block structure is<a name="line.298"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">299</span>   * not necessarily related to the processing format.<a name="line.299"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">300</span>   *<a name="line.300"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">301</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.301"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">302</span>   */<a name="line.302"></a>
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<span class="sourceLineNo">304</span><a name="line.304"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">305</span>  /**<a name="line.305"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">306</span>   * Cancel: A control character used to indicate that the data<a name="line.306"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">307</span>   * with which it is sent is in error or is to be disregarded.<a name="line.307"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">308</span>   *<a name="line.308"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">309</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.309"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">310</span>   */<a name="line.310"></a>
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<span class="sourceLineNo">312</span><a name="line.312"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">313</span>  /**<a name="line.313"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">314</span>   * End of Medium: A control character associated with the sent<a name="line.314"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">315</span>   * data which may be used to identify the physical end of the medium, or<a name="line.315"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">316</span>   * the end of the used, or wanted, portion of information recorded on a<a name="line.316"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">317</span>   * medium.  (The position of this character does not necessarily<a name="line.317"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">318</span>   * correspond to the physical end of the medium.)<a name="line.318"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">319</span>   *<a name="line.319"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">320</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.320"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">321</span>   */<a name="line.321"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">322</span>  public static final byte EM = 25;<a name="line.322"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">323</span><a name="line.323"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">324</span>  /**<a name="line.324"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">325</span>   * Substitute: A character that may be substituted for a<a name="line.325"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">326</span>   * character which is determined to be invalid or in error.<a name="line.326"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">327</span>   *<a name="line.327"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">328</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.328"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">329</span>   */<a name="line.329"></a>
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<span class="sourceLineNo">331</span><a name="line.331"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">332</span>  /**<a name="line.332"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">333</span>   * Escape: A control character intended to provide code<a name="line.333"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">334</span>   * extension (supplementary characters) in general information<a name="line.334"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">335</span>   * interchange.  The Escape character itself is a prefix affecting the<a name="line.335"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">336</span>   * interpretation of a limited number of contiguously following<a name="line.336"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">337</span>   * characters.<a name="line.337"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">338</span>   *<a name="line.338"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">339</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.339"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">340</span>   */<a name="line.340"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">341</span>  public static final byte ESC = 27;<a name="line.341"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">342</span><a name="line.342"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">343</span>  /**<a name="line.343"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">344</span>   * File Separator: These four information separators may be<a name="line.344"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">345</span>   * used within data in optional fashion, except that their hierarchical<a name="line.345"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">346</span>   * relationship shall be: FS is the most inclusive, then GS, then RS,<a name="line.346"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">347</span>   * and US is least inclusive.  (The content and length of a File, Group,<a name="line.347"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">348</span>   * Record, or Unit are not specified.)<a name="line.348"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">349</span>   *<a name="line.349"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">350</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.350"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">351</span>   */<a name="line.351"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">352</span>  public static final byte FS = 28;<a name="line.352"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">353</span><a name="line.353"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">354</span>  /**<a name="line.354"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">355</span>   * Group Separator: These four information separators may be<a name="line.355"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">356</span>   * used within data in optional fashion, except that their hierarchical<a name="line.356"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">357</span>   * relationship shall be: FS is the most inclusive, then GS, then RS,<a name="line.357"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">358</span>   * and US is least inclusive.  (The content and length of a File, Group,<a name="line.358"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">359</span>   * Record, or Unit are not specified.)<a name="line.359"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">360</span>   *<a name="line.360"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">361</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.361"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">362</span>   */<a name="line.362"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">363</span>  public static final byte GS = 29;<a name="line.363"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">364</span><a name="line.364"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">365</span>  /**<a name="line.365"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">366</span>   * Record Separator: These four information separators may be<a name="line.366"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">367</span>   * used within data in optional fashion, except that their hierarchical<a name="line.367"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">368</span>   * relationship shall be: FS is the most inclusive, then GS, then RS,<a name="line.368"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">369</span>   * and US is least inclusive.  (The content and length of a File, Group,<a name="line.369"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">370</span>   * Record, or Unit are not specified.)<a name="line.370"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">371</span>   *<a name="line.371"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">372</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.372"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">373</span>   */<a name="line.373"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">374</span>  public static final byte RS = 30;<a name="line.374"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">375</span><a name="line.375"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">376</span>  /**<a name="line.376"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">377</span>   * Unit Separator: These four information separators may be<a name="line.377"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">378</span>   * used within data in optional fashion, except that their hierarchical<a name="line.378"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">379</span>   * relationship shall be: FS is the most inclusive, then GS, then RS,<a name="line.379"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">380</span>   * and US is least inclusive.  (The content and length of a File, Group,<a name="line.380"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">381</span>   * Record, or Unit are not specified.)<a name="line.381"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">382</span>   *<a name="line.382"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">383</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.383"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">384</span>   */<a name="line.384"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">385</span>  public static final byte US = 31;<a name="line.385"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">386</span><a name="line.386"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">387</span>  /**<a name="line.387"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">388</span>   * Space: A normally non-printing graphic character used to<a name="line.388"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">389</span>   * separate words.  It is also a format effector which controls the<a name="line.389"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">390</span>   * movement of the printing position, one printing position forward.<a name="line.390"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">391</span>   * (Applicable also to display devices.)<a name="line.391"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">392</span>   *<a name="line.392"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">393</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.393"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">394</span>   */<a name="line.394"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">395</span>  public static final byte SP = 32;<a name="line.395"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">396</span><a name="line.396"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">397</span>  /**<a name="line.397"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">398</span>   * Alternate name for {@link #SP}.<a name="line.398"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">399</span>   *<a name="line.399"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">400</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.400"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">401</span>   */<a name="line.401"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">402</span>  public static final byte SPACE = 32;<a name="line.402"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">403</span><a name="line.403"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">404</span>  /**<a name="line.404"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">405</span>   * Delete: This character is used primarily to "erase" or<a name="line.405"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">406</span>   * "obliterate" erroneous or unwanted characters in perforated tape.<a name="line.406"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">407</span>   *<a name="line.407"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">408</span>   * @since 8.0<a name="line.408"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">409</span>   */<a name="line.409"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">410</span>  public static final byte DEL = 127;<a name="line.410"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">411</span><a name="line.411"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">412</span>  /**<a name="line.412"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">413</span>   * The minimum value of an ASCII character.<a name="line.413"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">414</span>   *<a name="line.414"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">415</span>   * @since 9.0 (was type {@code int} before 12.0)<a name="line.415"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">416</span>   */<a name="line.416"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">417</span>  public static final char MIN = 0;<a name="line.417"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">418</span><a name="line.418"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">419</span>  /**<a name="line.419"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">420</span>   * The maximum value of an ASCII character.<a name="line.420"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">421</span>   *<a name="line.421"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">422</span>   * @since 9.0 (was type {@code int} before 12.0)<a name="line.422"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">423</span>   */<a name="line.423"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">424</span>  public static final char MAX = 127;<a name="line.424"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">425</span><a name="line.425"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">426</span>  /**<a name="line.426"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">427</span>   * Returns a copy of the input string in which all {@linkplain #isUpperCase(char) uppercase ASCII<a name="line.427"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">428</span>   * characters} have been converted to lowercase. All other characters are copied without<a name="line.428"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">429</span>   * modification.<a name="line.429"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">430</span>   */<a name="line.430"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">431</span>  public static String toLowerCase(String string) {<a name="line.431"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">432</span>    int length = string.length();<a name="line.432"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">433</span>    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(length);<a name="line.433"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">434</span>    for (int i = 0; i &lt; length; i++) {<a name="line.434"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">435</span>      builder.append(toLowerCase(string.charAt(i)));<a name="line.435"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">436</span>    }<a name="line.436"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">437</span>    return builder.toString();<a name="line.437"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">438</span>  }<a name="line.438"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">439</span><a name="line.439"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">440</span>  /**<a name="line.440"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">441</span>   * If the argument is an {@linkplain #isUpperCase(char) uppercase ASCII character} returns the<a name="line.441"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">442</span>   * lowercase equivalent. Otherwise returns the argument.<a name="line.442"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">443</span>   */<a name="line.443"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">444</span>  public static char toLowerCase(char c) {<a name="line.444"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">445</span>    return isUpperCase(c) ? (char) (c ^ 0x20) : c;<a name="line.445"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">446</span>  }<a name="line.446"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">447</span><a name="line.447"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">448</span>  /**<a name="line.448"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">449</span>   * Returns a copy of the input string in which all {@linkplain #isLowerCase(char) lowercase ASCII<a name="line.449"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">450</span>   * characters} have been converted to uppercase. All other characters are copied without<a name="line.450"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">451</span>   * modification.<a name="line.451"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">452</span>   */<a name="line.452"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">453</span>  public static String toUpperCase(String string) {<a name="line.453"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">454</span>    int length = string.length();<a name="line.454"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">455</span>    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(length);<a name="line.455"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">456</span>    for (int i = 0; i &lt; length; i++) {<a name="line.456"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">457</span>      builder.append(toUpperCase(string.charAt(i)));<a name="line.457"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">458</span>    }<a name="line.458"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">459</span>    return builder.toString();<a name="line.459"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">460</span>  }<a name="line.460"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">461</span><a name="line.461"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">462</span>  /**<a name="line.462"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">463</span>   * If the argument is a {@linkplain #isLowerCase(char) lowercase ASCII character} returns the<a name="line.463"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">464</span>   * uppercase equivalent. Otherwise returns the argument.<a name="line.464"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">465</span>   */<a name="line.465"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">466</span>  public static char toUpperCase(char c) {<a name="line.466"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">467</span>    return isLowerCase(c) ? (char) (c &amp; 0x5f) : c;<a name="line.467"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">468</span>  }<a name="line.468"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">469</span><a name="line.469"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">470</span>  /**<a name="line.470"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">471</span>   * Indicates whether {@code c} is one of the twenty-six lowercase ASCII alphabetic characters<a name="line.471"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">472</span>   * between {@code 'a'} and {@code 'z'} inclusive. All others (including non-ASCII characters)<a name="line.472"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">473</span>   * return {@code false}.<a name="line.473"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">474</span>   */<a name="line.474"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">475</span>  public static boolean isLowerCase(char c) {<a name="line.475"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">476</span>    return (c &gt;= 'a') &amp;&amp; (c &lt;= 'z');<a name="line.476"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">477</span>  }<a name="line.477"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">478</span><a name="line.478"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">479</span>  /**<a name="line.479"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">480</span>   * Indicates whether {@code c} is one of the twenty-six uppercase ASCII alphabetic characters<a name="line.480"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">481</span>   * between {@code 'A'} and {@code 'Z'} inclusive. All others (including non-ASCII characters)<a name="line.481"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">482</span>   * return {@code false}.<a name="line.482"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">483</span>   */<a name="line.483"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">484</span>  public static boolean isUpperCase(char c) {<a name="line.484"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">485</span>    return (c &gt;= 'A') &amp;&amp; (c &lt;= 'Z');<a name="line.485"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">486</span>  }<a name="line.486"></a>
<span class="sourceLineNo">487</span>}<a name="line.487"></a>




























































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